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Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:5px;-khtml-border-radius:6px;-o-border-radius:6px;-webkit-border-radius:6px;-moz-border-radius:6px;border-radius:6px;position:relative;border:1px solid #e0dddd;color:#555e58;background:#f5f5f5}.ssba_sharecount:after{border-right-color:#f5f5f5}.amp-wp-ce12b54:not(#_){display:inline-block;width:728px;height:90px}.amp-wp-b7e01ea:not(#_){color:#f60}.amp-wp-7851dbc:not(#_){text-align:right}.amp-wp-38cedf6:not(#_){width:640px}.amp-wp-87d64d5:not(#_){color:#f60}.amp-wp-7d27179:not(#_){text-align:justify}.amp-wp-200a92a:not(#_){text-align:left}.amp-wp-1189859:not(#_){height:48px;width:48px}.amp-wp-81d79d9:not(#_){width:35px}.amp-wp-224b51a:not(#_){display:none}.amp-wp-3e2e7c3:not(#_#_#_#_#_){display:none} /*# sourceURL=amp-custom.css */El #Cine independiente en Estados Unidos

El #Cine independiente en Estados Unidos

2

En Estados Unidos, la producción independiente siempre ha tenido un papel vital y ha servido para introducir innovación e iconoclastía en el seno del cine mayoritario. Pero en la era de las películas taquilleras, está cada vez más marginado.

Heather Donohue en «El Proyecto de la Bruja de Blair» [1999], que inició una moda indie de películas de terror basadas en «imágenes encontradas». Formato que algunos copian hasta el día de hoy, como gran cosa.

Como cada martes, revisamos una de las 100 ideas que cambiaron el Cine, una serie de columnas que tal vez no muchos leen, pero que sí coleccionan, para todos ellos, va nuestro esfuerzo de cada semana. No olvide compartir con sus amigos en redes sociales!

Idea n° 96 | Cine Independiente en USA: Desafiar al studio system

Una de las ironías de la historia de la pantalla es que los disidentes de la Motion Picture Distributing and Sales Company quebraron el trust que operaba la Motion Picture Patents Company, pero acabaron estableciendo el infinitamente más restrictivo sistema de la integración vertical que permitió a Hollywood dominar el cine mundial.

Monocromía indie chic: John Lurie, Eszter Balint y Richard Edson en Stranger Than Paradise [1984], de Jim Jarmusch.

En una fecha tan temprana como 1919, D.W. Griffith, Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks y Charlie Chaplin se vieron compelidos a crear United Artists para proteger sus intereses creativos y comerciales. El jefe de la Metro, Richard A. Rowland, comentó entonces desdeñosamente que «los lunáticos habían ocupado el manicomio«; el caso es que tanto los estudios principales como los menores no sólo acogieron a productores independientes como Samuel Goldwyn, Joseph M. Schenck o David O. Selznick durante su apogeo, sino que permitieron que los estudios de Poverty Row imitaran sus productos para que integraran la parte más popular de las sesiones dobles.

Tras los decretos Paramount de 1948, el énfasis pasó a la producción independiente. United Artist floreció, con productores como Walter Wanger, Sam Spiegel o Walter Mirisch, directores como Stanley Kramer u Otto Preminger, y actores como Burt Lancaster o Kirk Douglas.

En 1958, el 65% de los largometrajes de Hollywood eran de producción independiente, y los números aumentaban de forma significativa con Allied Artists o American International Pictures.

El cine exploitation ayudó a la industria estadounidense a sobrevivir tras la irrupción de la televisión. Poco después, las películas taquilleras que Hollywood diseñó para atraer el mercado juvenil vinieron a dominar el panorama y, a finales de la década de 1980, surgió una reacción contraria al gigantismo corporativista con nuevos talentos como Jim Jarmusch, Hal Hartley, Steven Soderbergh o los hermanos Coen, patrocinados por empresas nuevas como New Line, Orion o Miramax, promovidos por el Sundance Film Festival y laureados con los Independent Spirit Awards.

Sin embargo, aunque muchos cineastas se las arreglaron para debutar con películas de bajo presupuesto que daban prioridad a los personajes sobre el argumento y el espectáculo, pocos lograron protagonizar una carrera cinematográfica.

Yidl Mitn Fidl

¡Que toque la banda!: Yidl Mitn Fidl [1936], joya del cine yidish de Joseph Green y Jan Nowina-Przybylski.

A pesar del apoyo de la crítica, éxitos de la magnitud de Reservoir Dogs [1992] o Blair Witch Project [1999] fueron poco comunes, y la mayor parte de las películas independientes quedaron restringidas a las salas de arte y ensayo, los festivales especializados o los sellos de video de culto.

Así, del mismo modo que las películas «de raza» de Noble Johnson, Oscar Micheaux o Spencer Williams, y las piezas yidish de Sidney M. Goldin, Joseph Green o Edward G. Ulmer estuvieron confinadas a los márgenes de lo independiente, también lo está la mayor parte de las películas queer, o las filmadas por mujeres, afroamericanos o cineastas en la diáspora o el exilio.

La independencia siempre ha sido un término relativo, pero la distancia entre el cine mayoritario estadounidense y la producción independiente es hoy en día mayor de lo que lo haya sido nunca.

Comunicador Audiovisual. Docente algunas veces por semana. Donante de órganos y fundador de esta humilde comunidad. Las cosas personales las publico en www.bassofia.com

2 comentarios

    • Bitacovir
      Muchas gracias por la buena onda. Ya existe la publicación en formato libro te recomiendo lo busques en tu librería más cercana por: 100 ideas que cambiaron el Cine.
      Saludos!

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